Overview

Knee pain is a common condition that affects people of all ages and can range from mild discomfort to severe pain that interferes with daily activities. It may result from injury, overuse, aging, or underlying medical conditions. Knee pain can involve bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, or surrounding muscles, and proper evaluation is important to determine the cause.

Symptoms

Symptoms of knee pain vary depending on the underlying cause and severity.

Common symptoms include:

  • Pain during walking, bending, or standing

  • Swelling or stiffness around the knee

  • Reduced range of motion

  • Clicking, popping, or grinding sensations

  • Weakness or instability in the knee

  • Redness or warmth in the affected area

  • Difficulty bearing weight on the knee

Causes

Knee pain can be caused by a wide range of conditions affecting the joint and surrounding structures.

Common causes include:

  • Acute injuries such as ligament tears or meniscus damage

  • Overuse injuries from repetitive stress

  • Osteoarthritis or other degenerative joint diseases

  • Tendinitis or bursitis

  • Muscle imbalance or poor joint alignment

  • Infections or inflammatory conditions

  • Obesity increasing stress on the knee joint

Risk Factors

Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing knee pain.

Risk factors include:

  • Increasing age

  • Previous knee injury or surgery

  • High-impact sports or repetitive knee movements

  • Excess body weight

  • Weak thigh or hip muscles

  • Poor posture or improper movement techniques

  • Chronic medical conditions such as arthritis

Complications

If knee pain is left untreated, it may lead to worsening symptoms and functional limitations.

Possible complications include:

  • Chronic knee pain

  • Reduced mobility and flexibility

  • Joint deformity

  • Muscle weakness due to limited movement

  • Decreased quality of life

  • Increased risk of falls or further injury

Prevention

Many cases of knee pain can be prevented by protecting the joint and maintaining overall musculoskeletal health.

Preventive measures include:

  • Maintaining a healthy body weight

  • Strengthening muscles around the knee

  • Stretching regularly to improve flexibility

  • Using proper footwear and support

  • Avoiding sudden increases in physical activity

  • Practicing proper technique during exercise and sports

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