Overview

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune condition where your immune system (antibodies) mistakenly attacks parts of your central nervous system. MOG is part of the protective cover that surrounds nerves (myelin) in your brain, spinal cord and eyes (optic nerves).

Your immune system protects your body from things that cause illness like viruses and bacteria. Sometimes, the antibodies in your immune system don’t get the right instructions to do their job. When this happens, your immune system confuses a healthy part of your body as a threat. This creates inflammation.

An attack on myelin is known as demyelination. When antibodies damage myelin, they affect the messages (nerve signals) that pass from your brain and spinal cord to the rest of your body.

Common symptoms of MOGAD include vision loss, muscle weakness and loss of coordination. You may hear your provider refer to these symptoms as optic neuritis, transverse myelitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).

What are the types of MOGAD?

The two main types of MOGAD include:

  • Monophasic MOGAD: You only experience an attack of symptoms once.
  • Relapsing MOGAD: Symptoms go away for a period of time (remission) before coming back (relapse).

Is MOGAD a rare disease?

MOGAD is a relatively rare demyelinating disorder. As awareness increases, healthcare providers expect numbers to increase. It affects an estimated 1 to 3 people per million each year.

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Symptoms

When to see a doctor

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Complications

Blood clots are a dangerous complication of atrial fibrillation (AFib). Blood clots can lead to stroke.
The risk of stroke from AFib increases as you grow older. Other health conditions also may increase the risk of a stroke due to AFib. These conditions include:
  • High blood pressure.
  • Diabetes.
  • Heart failure.
  • Some types of heart valve disease.
Blood thinners are commonly prescribed to prevent blood clots and strokes in people with atrial fibrillation.

Prevention

Healthy lifestyle choices can reduce the risk of heart disease and may prevent atrial fibrillation (AFib). Here are some basic heart-healthy tips:
  • Control high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.
  • Don't smoke or use tobacco.
  • Eat a diet that's low in salt and saturated fat.
  • Exercise at least 30 minutes a day on most days of the week unless your health care team says not to.
  • Get good sleep. Adults should aim for 7 to 9 hours daily.
  • Maintain a healthy weight.
  • Reduce and manage stress.


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