Broken Leg

Diagnosis of a Broken Leg

During a physical exam, the healthcare provider will inspect the affected area for tenderness, swelling, deformity, or an open wound.

Imaging tests:

• X-rays: Usually pinpoint the location of the break and assess damage to nearby joints.

• CT scan or MRI: Sometimes needed for more detailed images, especially for suspected stress fractures, as these may not show on X-rays.

Types of Broken Leg Fractures

Open fracture

• Bone pierces the skin.

• Requires immediate treatment to reduce infection risk.

Closed fracture

• Skin remains intact around the broken bone.

Incomplete fracture

• Bone is cracked but not fully separated.

Complete fracture

• Bone is broken into two or more parts.

Displaced fracture

• Bone fragments are not aligned; may require surgery to realign.

Greenstick fracture

• Bone cracks but doesn’t break completely, common in children due to softer bones.

Setting the Leg

• Initial care often occurs in the emergency room or urgent care clinic.

• Providers may immobilize the leg with a splint first.

• Reduction may be needed if the fracture is displaced, moving the bone fragments into proper alignment.

• A cast is applied after swelling decreases.

Immobilization

• Movement must be restricted for proper healing.

• Splint or cast is commonly used.

• Crutches or a cane may be necessary to avoid putting weight on the leg, often for at least 6 weeks.

Medications

• Over-the-counter pain relievers: acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

• For severe pain, stronger prescription medications may be used.

Therapies

• After cast or splint removal, rehabilitation exercises or physical therapy help restore movement and reduce stiffness.

• Stiffness and weakened muscles in uninjured areas may occur due to immobility.

• Complete healing for severe injuries may take several months or longer.

Surgery and Other Procedures

• Most fractures heal with immobilization alone.

• Surgery may be needed to implant plates, rods, or screws in cases of:

  • Multiple fractures

  • Unstable or displaced fractures

  • Loose bone fragments near a joint

  • Ligament damage

  • Fractures extending into a joint

  • Crushing injuries

• Some injuries may use an external metal frame with pins for stability during healing (usually 6–8 weeks).

• There is a risk of infection around surgical pins.