Common Cold

You usually don’t need medical care for a common cold. But if symptoms get worse or do not go away, see your healthcare provider.

Most people with a common cold can be diagnosed based on their symptoms. Your healthcare provider may take a nasal or throat swab to rule out other infections. A chest X-ray may be done to check for lung problems or other conditions.

Treatment

There is no cure for the common cold. Most cases improve on their own within seven to ten days, though a cough may last a few more days. The best approach is to rest and take care of yourself while your body recovers.

Helpful self-care tips include:

• Get plenty of rest

• Drink lots of fluids such as water and warm soups

• Use a humidifier to keep the air moist

• Try saline nasal rinses to ease congestion

Antibiotics are not effective against cold viruses. They should only be used if a bacterial infection is diagnosed.

Pain Relievers

Over-the-counter pain relievers can help reduce a sore throat, headache, or fever.

For adults:

• Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used according to label directions

For children:

• Avoid giving aspirin because it has been linked to Reye’s syndrome

• Use children’s acetaminophen or ibuprofen as directed by a healthcare provider

• Do not give acetaminophen to babies under three months without medical advice

• Do not give ibuprofen to children under six months or to those who are vomiting frequently

• Always use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time

Decongestant Nasal Sprays

For adults, decongestant drops or sprays can relieve a stuffy nose. However, they should not be used for more than five days, as longer use can make symptoms worse.

For children, decongestant sprays or drops should not be used under the age of six. Always consult a doctor before giving these medicines to older children.

Cough Syrups

Cough and cold medicines available without a prescription only treat symptoms; they do not cure the cold itself. Research shows these medicines may not work better than a placebo.

For adults:

• Follow the instructions on the label carefully

• Do not take two medicines with the same active ingredient to avoid overdose

For children:

• Cough and cold medicines are not usually recommended, especially for those under two years old

• Always talk to a doctor before giving these medicines to a child