Cryoglobulinemia

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia is confirmed through a blood test. The blood sample is kept at body temperature, around 98.6°F (37°C), before being cooled and tested. Proper handling of the sample is essential to ensure accurate results.

Additional blood and urine tests may also be done to identify the underlying cause of the condition.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity and cause of cryoglobulinemia. If symptoms are mild or absent, careful monitoring may be sufficient. When treatment is needed, options may include:

• Medicines that suppress the immune system

• Antiviral medications if an infection is the cause

• Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis), a procedure that replaces blood plasma with donor plasma or another fluid, in severe cases

Even with treatment, cryoglobulinemia can return, so regular follow-up appointments are important to monitor your condition.

Lifestyle and home remedies

People with cryoglobulinemia should take precautions to avoid cold temperatures and protect extremities. Helpful tips include:

• Keeping fingers and toes warm, especially in cold environments

• Wearing gloves when handling cold objects like freezers or refrigerators

• Checking feet daily for sores, since the condition can slow healing

Preparing for your appointment

You may begin by visiting your primary healthcare professional or be referred to a hematologist, a specialist in blood disorders.

What you can do

Before your appointment:

• Ask if you need to follow any special instructions, such as fasting before tests

• Make a list of:

  • Your symptoms and when they started

  • Any major life changes or family medical history

  • All medicines, vitamins, and supplements you take, including doses

  • Questions you want to ask your care team

• Bring a friend or family member to help you remember important details

Common questions to ask your healthcare provider include:

• What is likely causing my symptoms?

• What tests do I need?

• Is my condition temporary or long-term?

• What treatments are available?

• Should I see a specialist?

• Are there printed materials or websites you recommend?

What to expect from your doctor

Your healthcare provider may ask questions such as:

• Are your symptoms constant or do they come and go?

• How severe are your symptoms?

• What makes them better or worse?

What you can do in the meantime

Avoid activities or conditions that make your symptoms worse, especially exposure to cold temperatures.