Glomerulonephritis

Diagnosis

Glomerulonephritis can be detected during a routine wellness visit or when investigating symptoms of acute illness or chronic conditions such as diabetes. Tests used to diagnose glomerulonephritis and assess kidney function include:

• Urine test: Urinalysis can detect red blood cells, proteins, or white blood cells in the urine, as well as abnormal waste product levels.

• Blood tests: Blood analysis can show elevated waste products, antibodies indicating autoimmune disorders, infections, or blood sugar levels suggesting diabetes.

• Imaging tests: X-rays, ultrasounds, or CT scans may reveal abnormalities in kidney size or shape.

• Kidney biopsy: A small sample of kidney tissue is removed using a special needle and examined under a microscope. This confirms the diagnosis and assesses tissue damage.

Treatment

Treatment and outcomes for glomerulonephritis depend on whether the condition is acute or chronic, its underlying cause, and the severity of symptoms.

• Acute glomerulonephritis: Some cases, especially following a streptococcal infection, may improve without treatment.

• Addressing underlying causes: High blood pressure, infections, or autoimmune conditions are treated to prevent further kidney damage.

• Kidney protection: Medications or lifestyle adjustments may be recommended to preserve kidney function.

Therapies for kidney failure

• Dialysis: Used for acute kidney failure or severe glomerulonephritis, dialysis filters the blood externally, acting as an artificial kidney.

• Kidney transplant: For end-stage kidney disease, transplant may be the only long-term option.

Early detection and appropriate management are essential to protect kidney function and improve long-term outcomes.