Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

Diagnosis

A healthcare professional can often diagnose Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) based on the appearance of the rash, especially when accompanied by joint pain and digestive symptoms. However, additional tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions.

Lab tests

There is no single laboratory test that can definitively confirm Henoch-Schönlein purpura, but certain tests can help support the diagnosis:

• Blood tests may be used when the diagnosis is unclear based on symptoms alone.

• Urine tests can detect protein or other substances that indicate how well the kidneys are functioning.

Biopsies

People with HSP often have a buildup of a specific protein called immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the affected tissues. To detect this protein, a healthcare professional may take a small skin sample for testing in a laboratory. This procedure is known as a skin biopsy.

If kidney problems are suspected, a kidney biopsy may also be performed to check for signs of IgA deposits and assess kidney health.

Ultrasound

An ultrasound may be recommended to help rule out other causes of abdominal pain. This imaging test uses sound waves to create detailed pictures of the inside of the body. Ultrasound can also help identify potential complications, such as bowel obstruction or other abdominal issues.

Treatment

Henoch-Schönlein purpura often resolves on its own within a few weeks to a month, and most people recover without long-term complications. During recovery, rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers can help ease discomfort and support healing.

Medicines

If joint or abdominal pain becomes severe, a healthcare professional may prescribe corticosteroid medications such as prednisone to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Because corticosteroids can have significant side effects, it is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits before beginning treatment.

Surgery

In rare cases, HSP can lead to complications such as a section of the bowel folding into itself (intussusception) or developing a hole (perforation). When this occurs, surgical intervention may be required to correct the problem.

Most people with Henoch-Schönlein purpura recover fully with proper care and monitoring. However, it’s important to follow up with a healthcare professional to ensure kidney function remains normal and to address any lingering symptoms.