Overview
Diagnosis
Kawasaki disease does not have a single confirmatory test. Diagnosis is based on ruling out other illnesses that have similar symptoms. Conditions that may appear similar include:
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Scarlet fever
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Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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Toxic shock syndrome
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Measles
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Tick-borne illnesses such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever
A healthcare professional evaluates symptoms, performs a physical exam, and may order several tests. Common tests include:
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Blood tests to rule out other illnesses and check for high white blood cell count, anemia, and inflammation
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart rhythm and electrical activity
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Echocardiogram to evaluate heart function, blood flow, and the condition of the coronary arteries
Treatment
Early treatment is important, ideally while the child still has a fever. Most children are treated in a hospital. The goals of treatment include reducing fever, easing inflammation, and preventing heart complications.
Medication
Treatment options may include:
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Gamma globulin given through a vein to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of coronary artery problems
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Aspirin in high doses to reduce inflammation, fever, and joint pain, followed by a low-dose regimen once the fever has been gone for at least 48 hours
Children receiving aspirin need careful monitoring. If they develop flu or chickenpox during treatment, a healthcare professional may adjust or stop aspirin due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome.
After the First Treatment
Once the fever improves, low-dose aspirin may continue for at least six weeks. If coronary artery changes are present, treatment may last longer. Regular follow-up visits help monitor recovery and heart health.
Watching Heart Problems
If there are any signs of heart involvement, additional tests may be recommended at 6 to 8 weeks after the illness begins and again around six months. If heart issues continue, a pediatric cardiologist may guide further management according to the specific heart condition.
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