Mastitis

Diagnosis

To diagnose mastitis, your healthcare professional starts with a physical exam and asks about your symptoms and medical history. A breast ultrasound may be done to examine breast tissue more closely.

In some cases, fluid may be removed from the breast. This process is called aspiration. The fluid can be sent for culture to identify the bacteria causing the infection and help determine the most effective antibiotic.

A rare type of breast cancer, known as inflammatory breast cancer, can also cause redness and swelling similar to mastitis. Because of this, your healthcare professional may recommend a mammogram, an ultrasound, or both.

If symptoms do not improve after completing a full course of antibiotics, a biopsy may be needed to rule out breast cancer. It is important to follow up with your healthcare professional after finishing all prescribed antibiotics.

Treatment

Treatment for mastitis focuses on clearing the infection and relieving discomfort.

Antibiotics are commonly prescribed when an infection is present. A 10-day course is often required. It is important to take the full course of antibiotics to reduce the risk of the infection returning. If symptoms persist after completing treatment, contact your healthcare professional.

Pain relief can be managed with over-the-counter medicines such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, based on your healthcare professional’s advice.

It is generally safe to continue breastfeeding while you have mastitis. Breastfeeding helps clear the infection, while suddenly stopping breastfeeding may make symptoms worse.

Many people find it helpful to work with a lactation consultant for guidance and support. Helpful breastfeeding strategies include:

• Avoid letting breasts become overly full between feedings

• Aim for a proper latch, which can be more challenging if the breast is swollen

• Express a small amount of milk by hand before feeding to help with latch

• Gently massage the breast while breastfeeding or pumping, starting near the sore area and moving toward the nipple

• Ensure the breast empties fully during feeding

• Apply a warm, moist cloth to the breast before breastfeeding or pumping if milk flow is slow

• Begin breastfeeding on the affected side first, when the baby is hungrier

• Change breastfeeding positions regularly

• Drink plenty of fluids

Breastfeeding positions may feel awkward at first. Trying different positions can help you and your baby find what feels most comfortable and supports effective feeding.