Overview
Diagnosis
During the physical examination, your healthcare provider will carefully press on the affected joint to identify areas of swelling, tenderness, or stiffness. In some cases, you or your doctor might be able to feel a loose fragment within the joint. The doctor will also evaluate surrounding structures, such as ligaments, and assess your joint’s range of motion to see whether it moves smoothly.
Imaging tests may be recommended to better understand the condition:
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X-rays: These can reveal abnormalities in the bones of the joint.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This test provides detailed images of both bone and cartilage using radio waves and a magnetic field. It is especially useful if X-rays appear normal but symptoms persist.
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Computerized tomography (CT) scan: This combines multiple X-ray images to produce detailed cross-sectional views, helping to locate loose fragments within the joint.
Treatment
The goal of treatment for osteochondritis dissecans is to relieve pain, restore joint function, and prevent further damage such as osteoarthritis. The right approach depends on age, bone maturity, and the severity of the condition. In growing children, rest and protection may allow the affected bone to heal naturally.
Therapy often begins with conservative methods such as:
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Resting the affected joint and avoiding high-impact activities like jumping or running. Crutches, braces, splints, or casts may be recommended to reduce stress on the joint.
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Engaging in physical therapy to improve flexibility, range of motion, and muscle strength around the joint. These exercises also aid recovery after surgery if needed.
If conservative treatments are not effective after four to six months, or if there is a loose fragment in the joint, surgery may be necessary. The type of surgery depends on the injury’s size, stage, and bone maturity, with the aim of restoring stability and promoting healing of the affected area.
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