Peritonitis

Diagnosis

To diagnose peritonitis, a healthcare professional reviews your medical history and performs a physical exam. In some cases, symptoms alone, especially in people on peritoneal dialysis, may be enough to make a diagnosis.

Additional tests that may be recommended include:

• Blood tests to check for increased white blood cells, which indicate infection or inflammation. Blood cultures may be done to identify bacteria in the bloodstream.
• Imaging tests, such as X-rays to detect tears or holes in the digestive tract, ultrasound to create internal images using sound waves, or a CT scan for detailed imaging.
• Peritoneal fluid analysis, where a thin needle collects fluid from the peritoneum. An elevated white blood cell count usually indicates infection or inflammation, and fluid cultures can identify bacteria.

Treatment

Peritonitis can be life-threatening, and hospitalization is often required. Treatment focuses on clearing the infection, supporting the body, and addressing the underlying cause.

Antibiotics
• Typically administered intravenously to eliminate the infection and prevent its spread.
• Type and duration depend on the severity of peritonitis and its underlying cause.

Surgery
• May be necessary to remove infected tissue, treat the source of infection, or prevent further complications.
• Commonly required if peritonitis is caused by a ruptured appendix, stomach, or colon.

Other supportive treatments
• Pain medications to manage discomfort.
• Intravenous fluids to maintain hydration.
• Oxygen therapy if needed.
• Blood transfusions in certain cases.

If you receive peritoneal dialysis
• Temporary switching to another form of dialysis may be necessary while the infection heals.
• Recurrent or persistent peritonitis may require stopping peritoneal dialysis and switching to a different dialysis method.