Overview
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of popliteal artery entrapment begins with a physical exam that focuses on circulation in the lower leg. A healthcare professional checks for changes in pulses during specific leg movements, as these changes can suggest compression of the popliteal artery. You may also be asked about symptoms such as leg pain during exercise and whether symptoms improve with rest.
Imaging tests help confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of entrapment. Duplex ultrasound is often used first to evaluate blood flow behind the knee during rest and movement. CT angiography or MR angiography may also be done to provide detailed images of the artery and surrounding muscle structures. These tests use contrast dye to help highlight areas where the artery may be compressed. In some cases, a stress test of the leg may be performed to see how blood flow changes during activity.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the severity of artery compression and symptoms. People with mild symptoms may begin with activity modification to reduce strain on the artery. However, many cases of popliteal artery entrapment require surgery because the condition results from abnormal muscle or tendon anatomy.
Surgery is done to release the artery from the structure causing compression. This may involve cutting or repositioning muscle or tendons. If the artery has been damaged due to long-term compression, repair with a graft may be needed to restore healthy blood flow. After surgery, most people return to normal activities once healing is complete.
Ongoing follow-up visits and imaging tests may be recommended to ensure the artery remains open and symptoms do not return.
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