Reye’s Syndrome

Diagnosis

Diagnosing Reye’s syndrome can be challenging because there is no single test that confirms the condition. Evaluation typically begins with blood and urine tests that help identify potential abnormalities. Testing may also be done to check for fatty acid oxidation disorders or other metabolic conditions that can resemble Reye’s syndrome.

In some cases, additional tests are needed to rule out other illnesses that can affect the liver or nervous system. A spinal tap, also known as a lumbar puncture, can help determine whether an infection such as meningitis or encephalitis is causing the symptoms. During this procedure, a needle is inserted into the lower back to collect a small sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord for laboratory analysis.

A liver biopsy may be recommended to check for conditions affecting the liver. In Reye’s syndrome, this test often shows a buildup of fats in liver cells. The biopsy is performed by inserting a needle through the skin on the upper right side of the abdomen to remove a small sample of liver tissue for examination.

Imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI scans of the head may help identify or rule out other causes of behavioral changes or decreased alertness. These tests can also show swelling in the brain, which may be associated with Reye’s syndrome. A CT scan uses X-rays taken from different angles, while an MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images.

Treatment

Treatment for Reye’s syndrome is provided in the hospital, and children with severe symptoms may require care in an intensive care unit. Healthcare professionals closely monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, to ensure quick response to any changes. Specific treatments focus on managing complications and supporting the body’s functions.

Treatment measures may include:

• Intravenous fluids containing glucose and electrolytes

• Diuretics to help reduce pressure from fluid around the brain and to increase urination

• Medicines such as vitamin K, plasma and platelets to prevent or manage bleeding caused by liver problems

• Cooling blankets to help maintain a safe internal body temperature

A ventilator may be necessary if the child has difficulty breathing. These supportive treatments help stabilize the child while the underlying condition is managed and the body begins to recover.