Rotavirus

Diagnosis

A diagnosis of rotavirus infection is usually based on a combination of factors. These include the child’s symptoms, age and the time of year the illness appears, as rotavirus infections are more common in certain seasons. Information about close contacts who have had rotavirus can also help guide the diagnosis. In some cases, a stool sample may be collected and sent to the lab for testing to confirm the infection.

Treatment

There is no medicine that cures rotavirus. Anti-diarrheal medicines are not recommended for children because they can make the condition worse. Diarrhea caused by rotavirus tends to improve slowly on its own but may last up to a week.

Preventing or treating dehydration is the main goal of care. Drinks made specifically to keep children hydrated, such as Enfalyte or Pedialyte, provide water along with necessary salts and minerals. These should be used as directed, and caregivers should check with a healthcare professional if they have questions. Severe dehydration may require treatment in the hospital, where fluids can be given directly into the bloodstream.

Self care

Babies can continue to breastfeed or drink formula as usual. Some infants who use formula may benefit from switching temporarily to a lactose-free formula. Older children can eat when they feel ready. Foods that may help include:

• Whole-grain breads or crackers

• Lean meats

• Yogurt

• Fruits and vegetables

Certain foods and drinks may worsen symptoms and should be avoided, such as:

• Fatty foods

• Fruit juices

• Drinks with added sugar

• Sweets and desserts

Preparing for your appointment

Most children with rotavirus will first be seen by their primary care professional. If complications occur, a gastroenterologist may be involved in care.

Preparing a list of questions can help make the most of the appointment. Some helpful questions include:

• What is the likely cause of these symptoms? Are there other possibilities?

• Is testing necessary?

• What is the best treatment plan? Are there alternatives?

• Is any medicine needed?

• How can I help ease the symptoms?

What to expect from your doctor

During the appointment, the healthcare professional may ask questions such as:

• When did the symptoms begin?

• Have the symptoms been constant or do they come and go?

• How severe are the symptoms?

• Does anything improve the symptoms?

• What seems to make the symptoms worse?