Overview
Diagnosis
Self-injury is often discovered by family, friends, or a healthcare provider during a routine medical exam. Signs may include scars or fresh injuries.
There is no specific test for diagnosing self-injury. Diagnosis is based on a combination of physical and psychological evaluation. You may be referred to a mental health professional experienced in treating self-injury, who will discuss your life, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
A mental health professional may also assess for other conditions linked to self-injury, such as depression or personality disorders.
Treatment
The first step in treatment is to tell someone about your self-injuring behavior to get help. Treatment focuses on your specific issues and any related mental health conditions.
Psychotherapy
Talk therapy can help you:
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Identify and manage underlying issues that trigger self-injury
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Learn skills to cope with distress and intense emotions
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Improve self-image and relationships
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Develop healthy problem-solving skills
Types of psychotherapy that may help include:
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Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to identify and replace negative beliefs and behaviors
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Dialectical behavior therapy, a form of CBT that teaches emotional regulation and relationship skills
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Mindfulness-based therapies to cope with negative thoughts and emotions
Family therapy or group therapy may also be recommended.
Medicines
There are no medications that specifically treat self-injury. However, antidepressants or other medicines may be prescribed to address underlying mental health conditions, which can help reduce the urge to self-harm.
Inpatient care
If self-injury is severe or repetitive, short-term hospital admission may provide a safe environment and more intensive treatment. Mental health day programs focused on behavioral coping skills may also be an option.
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