Sepsis

Diagnosis

Doctors often order several tests to identify the underlying cause of infection in sepsis.

Blood tests
Blood samples may be analyzed to check for:

• Evidence of infection

• Blood-clotting problems

• Abnormal liver or kidney function

• Low oxygen levels

• Electrolyte imbalances

Other lab tests
Additional tests might include samples of:

• Urine

• Wound fluid

• Mucus or saliva from the respiratory tract

Imaging tests
If the infection source is not obvious, imaging tests may be used, such as:

• X-ray to detect lung infections

• Ultrasound to visualize infections in the gallbladder or kidneys

• Computed tomography (CT) scans for infections in the liver, pancreas, or other abdominal organs

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for soft tissue or bone infections

Treatment

Early and thorough treatment improves recovery chances. People with sepsis usually need close monitoring in an intensive care unit due to possible life-threatening complications affecting breathing and heart function.

Medications
Treatment often includes:

• Antibiotics started as soon as possible, initially broad-spectrum and later tailored to the specific infection

• Intravenous fluids to maintain hydration and blood pressure

• Vasopressors to raise blood pressure if fluids alone are insufficient

• Additional medications such as insulin for blood sugar control or pain relievers

Supportive care
Supportive measures may include:

• Oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation for breathing support

• Dialysis if kidneys are affected by the infection

Surgery
Surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the source of infection, including pus, infected tissue, or necrotic tissue.