Suicide and Suicidal Thoughts

Diagnosis

Your doctor evaluates suicidal thoughts by combining a physical exam, mental health assessment, and in-depth questioning about your overall well-being. The goal is to determine potential causes and decide on the most appropriate treatment.

Assessments may include:

• Mental health conditions. Suicidal thoughts are often linked to treatable mental health issues. You may see a psychiatrist or another mental health professional for evaluation.

• Physical health conditions. Sometimes physical illnesses contribute to suicidal thinking. Blood tests and other medical exams may be performed.

• Alcohol and drug use. Misuse of substances can play a role in suicidal thoughts. Your doctor may assess whether you need help to reduce or stop using alcohol or drugs.

• Medications. Certain prescription or over-the-counter medications can trigger suicidal thoughts. Your doctor will review your medications.

Children and teenagers
Children and teens with suicidal thoughts usually need evaluation by a child psychiatrist or psychologist. The assessment often includes information from parents, guardians, school records, and previous medical or psychiatric evaluations to provide a complete understanding of the situation.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the level of suicide risk and underlying causes of suicidal thoughts.

Emergencies
If you or someone else has attempted suicide or is at immediate risk:

• Call 911 or your local emergency number.

• Contact a suicide hotline for immediate support. In the U.S., dial or text 988 or use 988lifeline.org/chat/. Veterans can call 988 then press 1 or text 838255.

• At the emergency room, doctors provide care for injuries, assess mental state, and may use medications to manage symptoms or underlying conditions. Hospitalization may be necessary to ensure safety and effectiveness of treatment.

Nonemergency situations
Outpatient treatment may include:

• Psychotherapy. Also called talk therapy, this helps explore issues contributing to suicidal thoughts and develop coping skills.

• Medications. Antidepressants, antipsychotics, anti-anxiety drugs, and other medications can reduce symptoms and lower suicidal risk.

• Addiction treatment. Programs may include detox, therapy, and support groups.

• Family support and education. Involving loved ones can improve understanding, communication, and relationships while providing additional support.

Helping a loved one
If someone you know may be suicidal:

• Seek emergency help if they are in immediate danger.

• Have open, honest conversations about concerns.

• Encourage professional help and offer to accompany them to appointments.

• Take care of yourself by using resources, support groups, and professional guidance to manage stress and ensure your own well-being.