Swimmer’s Ear

Diagnosis

A healthcare professional can usually diagnose swimmer’s ear during an office visit. Advanced or persistent infections may require further testing.

First steps in diagnosis often include:

• Examining the ear canal with a lighted tool called an otoscope. The canal may appear red, swollen, and scaly, with possible skin flakes or debris. Redness may be less noticeable on darker skin tones.

• Checking the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane, to ensure it is not torn or damaged. If the view is blocked, the canal may be cleared with a small suction device or a tool with a tiny loop.

Further testing may involve:

• Sending a sample of ear fluid to a lab to identify bacteria or fungi.

• Referral to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist if the eardrum is damaged.

• Taking a sample of discharge or debris for lab testing if the infection does not respond to initial treatment.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to stop the infection and allow the ear canal to heal.

Cleaning
Cleaning the outer ear canal helps ear drops reach all infected areas. A healthcare professional may use a suction device or ear curet to remove discharge, clumps of earwax, flaky skin, and other debris.

Medicines for infection
Ear drops often contain a combination of:

• An acidic solution to restore the ear’s natural defenses

• A steroid to reduce swelling and inflammation

• An antibiotic to fight bacteria

• An antifungal medicine if the infection is caused by a fungus

Tips for using ear drops effectively:

• Warm the drops by holding the bottle in your hand for a few minutes.

• Lie on your side with the infected ear up for a few minutes after applying drops.

• Pull the earlobe down when giving drops to someone else.

• If the ear canal is blocked, a cotton or gauze wick may be placed to help drain the ear and deliver medicine.

For advanced infections, oral antibiotics may be prescribed.

Medicines for pain
Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, or acetaminophen can help ease discomfort.

Supporting treatment
Keep your ears dry to promote healing:

• Avoid swimming or scuba diving.

• Do not wear earplugs, hearing aids, or earbuds until pain and discharge stop.

• Protect the ear during showers or baths using a cotton ball coated with petroleum jelly.