Overview
Diagnosis
Diagnosing a tapeworm infection depends on whether the infection involves adult tapeworms in the intestines or larval cysts in other parts of the body. For an intestinal infection, a healthcare provider examines stool samples. A lab test may find tapeworm segments or eggs, and you may need to provide samples on more than one day to confirm the diagnosis.
For larval cyst infections, imaging tests are used to locate cysts. These may include CT scans, MRI scans or ultrasound. Sometimes cysts are discovered by accident during imaging for another condition, even before they cause symptoms. A blood test may also be used to confirm the diagnosis by detecting antibodies your immune system makes in response to the larval cysts.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the type of tapeworm infection. Intestinal tapeworm infections are typically treated with anti-parasitic medicines such as praziquantel, albendazole and nitazoxanide. These medicines kill the tapeworm but not the eggs. Washing your hands well with soap and water after using the toilet is important to prevent spreading the infection. Follow-up appointments are usually scheduled, and additional stool tests help confirm whether the treatment has been successful.
Treating a larval cyst infection varies based on the location and effects of the cysts. Anti-parasitic medicines such as albendazole and praziquantel may be used, especially when cysts affect the brain or central nervous system. Corticosteroids can help reduce swelling and immune system reactions that may harm organs or tissues.
Surgery may be an option when a cyst can be safely removed. If surgery is not possible, a specialist may use a needle to remove some fluid from the cyst, inject medicine to kill it and then remove the rest of the fluid. Additional treatments may help manage complications, such as anti-epileptic medicines to prevent seizures caused by brain cysts. In some cases, a shunt may be needed to drain excess fluid from the brain.
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