Toxic Shock Syndrome

Diagnosis

There is no single test for toxic shock syndrome. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, medical history, and laboratory tests. Tests may include:

• Blood and urine samples to check for staph or strep infection
• Swabs from the vagina, cervix, or throat for laboratory analysis
• Additional tests to assess organ function, which may include CT scans, lumbar puncture, or chest X-rays

Treatment

People with toxic shock syndrome are most often treated in a hospital. Treatment focuses on controlling the infection, supporting vital organs, and managing complications. This may include:

• Administration of antibiotics to target staph or strep bacteria while the source of infection is identified
• Removal of tampons, diaphragms, or other foreign objects, and draining wounds or removing damaged tissue
• Medications to raise blood pressure if it is low, and intravenous fluids to maintain hydration
• Dialysis if kidney failure occurs due to bacterial toxins or low blood pressure

Surgery

Surgery may be required to remove dead tissue at the site of infection or to drain an abscess to help control the spread of infection

Early recognition and prompt hospital treatment are crucial to reduce complications and improve outcomes in toxic shock syndrome.