Transient Global Amnesia

Diagnosis

A diagnosis of transient global amnesia (TGA) is made after ruling out more serious conditions such as stroke, seizure, or head injury, which can cause similar memory loss.

Physical exam
The evaluation begins with a neurological exam that assesses:

• Reflexes
• Muscle tone and strength
• Sensory function
• Gait, posture, coordination, and balance
• Thinking, judgment, and memory

Brain and imaging tests
Your healthcare provider may order tests to detect abnormalities in brain electrical activity and blood flow:

• Computerized tomography (CT) to produce cross-sectional images of the brain and skull, which can reveal past strokes or vascular abnormalities
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to create detailed, cross-sectional images of the brain; MRI may not be needed if a CT scan was already performed and is normal
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) to record brain electrical activity, usually ordered if there are repeated TGA episodes or suspicion of seizures

Treatment

No treatment is needed for transient global amnesia. The condition resolves on its own and has no known lasting effects.

Preparing for your appointment

Sudden memory loss requires emergency care. Call 911 or your local emergency number immediately. If a friend or family member develops symptoms, accompany them to the hospital and provide important information to the doctor.

What you can do

Support the person throughout the medical evaluation. Provide details about:

• Stressful events before the episode, such as conflict, anxiety, strenuous activity, or sudden temperature exposure
• Accompanying symptoms, such as numbness, weakness, or trembling
• Key medical history and medications

Prepare questions for the doctor, including:

• What is most likely causing the symptoms?
• What are the other possible causes?
• What tests are recommended?
• Is any treatment needed now?
• What signs or symptoms should prompt calling emergency services?
• How soon will symptoms improve?
• Is full recovery expected?
• Are there ways to prevent recurrence?
• What is the risk of long-term complications?

What to expect from your doctor

The doctor may ask the person experiencing amnesia:

• What is the last thing you remember?
• Do you know who you are and the person accompanying you?
• Are you dizzy, weak, numb, or experiencing vision problems or headache?
• Are you having problems with balance or coordination?

The doctor may test general knowledge and memory recall using word lists or questions about everyday facts.

The doctor may ask you:

• When did the memory loss begin and did it start suddenly or gradually?
• Has this ever happened before?
• Were there accidents, stress, or recent procedures?
• Have seizures or migraines occurred since the episode?
• What medications are being taken, including supplements and over-the-counter drugs?

This information helps the healthcare provider accurately diagnose transient global amnesia and rule out other serious conditions.