Yersiniosis

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of yersiniosis is made through a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. A healthcare professional will begin by asking about recent food consumption, especially undercooked pork, unpasteurized milk, or contaminated water, and by reviewing symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

To confirm the diagnosis, the following tests may be performed:

• Stool culture: This is the most common test to identify Yersinia enterocolitica or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis bacteria in stool samples.

• Blood tests: Used to detect antibodies to the bacteria, especially if the infection is severe or long-lasting.

• Culture of other body fluids: In some cases, cultures of blood, lymph nodes, or other tissues may be done if the infection spreads beyond the intestines.

• Imaging tests: If appendicitis-like symptoms occur, imaging such as an abdominal ultrasound or CT scan may be used to rule out other causes of abdominal pain.

Early diagnosis is important to manage symptoms and prevent complications, especially in children and people with weakened immune systems.

Treatment

Treatment for yersiniosis depends on the severity of symptoms. Mild cases usually resolve on their own without antibiotics.

For most people, the main treatment steps include:

• Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids to replace water and electrolytes lost due to diarrhea.

• Rest: Allowing the body to recover naturally while symptoms improve.

• Dietary adjustments: Eating light, bland foods and avoiding fatty or spicy meals until the digestive system returns to normal.

If symptoms are severe or the infection spreads beyond the intestines, medical treatment may be required:

• Antibiotics: Such as ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or doxycycline, prescribed for people with serious infections, blood involvement, or weakened immunity.

• Pain relief: Over-the-counter medicines like acetaminophen may be used for fever or discomfort.

In rare cases, complications like reactive arthritis or inflammation of the lymph nodes may develop, requiring further medical care.

Most people recover completely within 1 to 3 weeks. Preventive measures include cooking pork thoroughly, avoiding unpasteurized milk, and practicing good kitchen hygiene to prevent bacterial contamination.