Zika Virus

Diagnosis

Diagnosing Zika virus infection involves evaluating symptoms, travel history, and possible exposure to mosquitoes that transmit the virus. Because Zika symptoms are often mild and similar to other infections like dengue or chikungunya, laboratory testing is essential for confirmation.

Healthcare professionals typically ask about recent travel to areas where Zika virus is common and any symptoms such as fever, rash, joint pain, or red eyes.

Tests used to diagnose Zika virus infection may include:

• Blood or urine tests to detect the presence of Zika virus RNA or antibodies that indicate a recent infection.

• PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing to identify the virus’s genetic material during the early stage of infection.

• Serologic testing to detect antibodies that the body produces in response to the virus, especially if the infection occurred several days earlier.

Pregnant individuals with possible exposure to Zika virus may need additional testing and ultrasound scans to monitor the baby’s development, as Zika can cause birth defects such as microcephaly.

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral medication for Zika virus infection. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting recovery while the body’s immune system fights the virus.

Most people recover fully within a week. The following measures can help manage symptoms:

• Get plenty of rest to help the body heal.

• Drink fluids to prevent dehydration caused by fever or vomiting.

• Take acetaminophen (paracetamol) for pain and fever relief.

• Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or aspirin until dengue fever is ruled out, as these can increase the risk of bleeding.

Pregnant individuals with confirmed or suspected Zika infection should receive ongoing medical care and regular ultrasound exams to track fetal growth and detect any abnormalities early.

Prevention

Preventing mosquito bites is the most effective way to avoid Zika virus infection, as there is currently no vaccine available.

Helpful preventive measures include:

• Use insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus.

• Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when outdoors.

• Use mosquito nets when sleeping, especially in areas where mosquitoes are active.

• Eliminate standing water near your home where mosquitoes can breed, such as in flowerpots, buckets, or gutters.

• Keep doors and windows closed or use screens to prevent mosquitoes from entering living spaces.

For individuals planning to travel to areas with known Zika outbreaks, check health advisories and take all recommended precautions. Pregnant women are generally advised to postpone travel to regions where Zika virus transmission is ongoing.