Overview

A broken nose, also called a nasal fracture, is a crack or break in the bones or cartilage of the nose. It is one of the most common facial injuries and often occurs after direct impact to the face. A broken nose can range from a small crack to a displaced fracture that alters the shape of the nose. Prompt medical evaluation is important to assess damage, manage symptoms, and prevent breathing or cosmetic problems.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a broken nose usually appear immediately after injury and may include:

  • Pain and tenderness around the nose

  • Swelling of the nose and surrounding facial area

  • Bruising under the eyes or around the nose

  • Nosebleeds

  • Difficulty breathing through the nose

  • A crooked or misshapen appearance

In some cases, a cracking or popping sound may be heard at the time of injury.

Causes

A broken nose is most often caused by blunt force trauma to the face. Common causes include:

  • Sports injuries, especially in contact sports

  • Physical altercations or assaults

  • Falls, particularly face-first falls

  • Motor vehicle or bicycle accidents

  • Accidental impact with hard objects

Risk factors

Certain factors can increase the risk of a broken nose:

  • Participation in contact or high-risk sports

  • Not wearing protective facial gear

  • Poor balance or coordination

  • Alcohol use, which may increase fall risk

  • Previous nasal injuries or fractures

Complications

Most broken noses heal well with appropriate treatment, but complications can occur:

  • Persistent nasal blockage or breathing difficulties

  • Septal hematoma, a collection of blood inside the nose

  • Infection within the nasal tissues

  • Changes in the shape or appearance of the nose

  • Chronic nosebleeds

Untreated complications may lead to long-term functional or cosmetic issues.

Prevention

Not all broken noses can be prevented, but the following steps may reduce risk:

  • Wearing protective face masks during sports

  • Using seat belts and appropriate safety equipment

  • Taking precautions to prevent falls

  • Avoiding physical confrontations

  • Following safety guidelines at work and during recreational activities

Early assessment and proper care can help ensure correct healing and reduce the risk of lasting complications.

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