Overview

Brugada syndrome is a rare genetic heart rhythm disorder that affects the electrical system of the heart. It increases the risk of dangerous irregular heartbeats that can lead to fainting, seizures, or sudden cardiac death. The condition is often inherited and may not cause symptoms until adulthood. Brugada syndrome is more commonly diagnosed in men and can be triggered by fever, certain medications, or electrolyte imbalances.

Symptoms

Many people with Brugada syndrome have no symptoms, but when symptoms occur, they are often related to abnormal heart rhythms. Common symptoms include:

  • Fainting, especially during rest or sleep

  • Irregular heartbeats or palpitations

  • Seizure-like episodes

  • Sudden cardiac arrest, particularly in young or middle-aged adults

  • Dizziness or lightheadedness

Symptoms may appear during fever or after taking certain medications.

Causes

Brugada syndrome is usually caused by a genetic mutation that affects sodium channels in heart cells. This disrupts the normal electrical signals that control heart rhythm. Causes include:

  • Inherited gene mutations passed from parent to child

  • Spontaneous genetic changes in some individuals

  • Abnormal electrical activity in the heart’s lower chambers

Environmental triggers can increase the risk of abnormal rhythms in affected individuals.

Risk factors

Several factors can increase the risk of Brugada syndrome or its complications:

  • Family history of Brugada syndrome or sudden cardiac death

  • Male sex

  • Fever, which can unmask or worsen symptoms

  • Certain medications that affect heart rhythm

  • Electrolyte imbalances, such as low potassium levels

Complications

Brugada syndrome can lead to serious and potentially life-threatening complications:

  • Ventricular arrhythmias

  • Sudden cardiac arrest

  • Recurrent fainting episodes

  • Injury related to loss of consciousness

  • Psychological stress due to fear of sudden events

Early diagnosis and proper management can reduce the risk of severe complications.

Prevention

There is no way to prevent the genetic cause of Brugada syndrome, but steps can be taken to reduce the risk of complications:

  • Treating fever promptly with appropriate medications

  • Avoiding drugs known to trigger abnormal heart rhythms

  • Regular follow-up with a heart specialist

  • Screening family members when recommended

  • Maintaining balanced electrolyte levels

Ongoing medical care and lifestyle precautions play a key role in managing Brugada syndrome safely.

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