Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that affects reading, spelling, and language processing. It is a neurological condition that impacts how the brain recognizes and processes written and spoken language. Dyslexia is not related to intelligence and can affect individuals of all ages, often becoming noticeable during early school years.

Symptoms

Symptoms of dyslexia vary depending on age and severity:

• Difficulty reading accurately or fluently

• Problems with spelling and writing

• Slow reading speed

• Trouble recognizing familiar words

• Difficulty understanding written text

• Confusing letters or words with similar appearance

• Problems with phonological awareness

• Avoidance of reading-related activities

Causes

Dyslexia develops due to differences in how the brain processes language:

• Genetic factors and family history

• Differences in brain structure or function

• Impaired phonological processing

• Delayed language development in early childhood

• Neurological factors affecting reading skills

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the likelihood of dyslexia:

• Family history of dyslexia or learning disorders

• Premature birth or low birth weight

• Early language delays

• Limited early exposure to language

• Coexisting learning or attention disorders

Complications

If dyslexia is not identified and supported, it may lead to:

• Academic difficulties

• Low self-esteem

• Anxiety or depression

• Reduced educational opportunities

• Social challenges

• Frustration with learning tasks

• Behavioral issues related to school stress

Prevention

There is no guaranteed way to prevent dyslexia, but early identification and support improve outcomes:

• Early screening for reading difficulties

• Providing structured literacy instruction

• Encouraging reading at home

• Supporting language development in early childhood

• Creating a positive and supportive learning environment