Overview

Golfer’s elbow, medically known as medial epicondylitis, is a condition caused by inflammation or damage to the tendons that attach to the inner side of the elbow. These tendons help control wrist and finger movements. Despite its name, golfer’s elbow can affect anyone who performs repetitive gripping, twisting, or wrist-bending activities, not just golfers.

Symptoms

Symptoms of golfer’s elbow usually develop gradually and may worsen with activity. Common symptoms include:

  • Pain or tenderness on the inner side of the elbow

  • Stiffness in the elbow

  • Weakness in the hand or wrist

  • Pain that may spread along the inner forearm

  • Increased discomfort when gripping objects or bending the wrist

Symptoms may range from mild to severe.

Causes

Golfer’s elbow is caused by overuse or repetitive stress on the forearm muscles and tendons. Common causes include:

  • Repetitive wrist flexion or forearm rotation

  • Improper technique during sports or work activities

  • Heavy lifting with poor form

  • Sudden increase in activity intensity

These actions can lead to small tears and inflammation in the tendons.

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the risk of developing golfer’s elbow, including:

  • Repetitive hand or wrist movements

  • Poor posture or improper equipment use

  • Occupations involving manual labor

  • Playing sports such as golf, tennis, or baseball

  • Age between 30 and 50 years

Both athletes and non-athletes can be affected.

Complications

If not treated properly, golfer’s elbow can lead to ongoing discomfort and functional problems. Possible complications include:

  • Chronic elbow pain

  • Reduced grip strength

  • Limited range of motion

  • Difficulty performing daily tasks

Persistent symptoms may require prolonged treatment.

Prevention

Golfer’s elbow can often be prevented by reducing strain on the elbow:

  • Using proper technique during sports and physical activities

  • Warming up and stretching before activity

  • Strengthening forearm muscles

  • Taking regular breaks from repetitive tasks

  • Using supportive equipment when needed

Early attention to elbow pain and activity modification can help prevent golfer’s elbow and promote recovery.

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