Uterine Prolapse

Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus descends from its normal position into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and supportive tissues. This condition can range from mild, where the uterus has shifted slightly, to severe, where it protrudes outside the vagina. Uterine prolapse most commonly affects women who have given birth vaginally and those who are postmenopausal. While it is not life-threatening, it can significantly affect comfort, urinary and bowel function, and quality of life.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the prolapse. Mild cases may cause no noticeable symptoms.

Common symptoms may include:

• Feeling of heaviness or pressure in the pelvis

• Sensation of tissue or a bulge protruding from the vagina

• Discomfort or pain in the lower back

• Difficulty with urination or frequent urinary infections

• Urinary leakage or difficulty emptying the bladder

• Constipation or difficulty with bowel movements

• Discomfort during sexual intercourse

Symptoms often worsen after standing for long periods or by the end of the day.

Causes

Uterine prolapse is caused by weakening or stretching of the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments that support the uterus.

Possible causes include:

• Vaginal childbirth, especially multiple or complicated deliveries

• Aging and loss of muscle tone

• Decreased estrogen levels after menopause

• Chronic pressure on pelvic muscles from coughing, constipation, or heavy lifting

• Pelvic surgery that damages supportive tissues

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the likelihood of developing uterine prolapse.

Risk factors include:

• Multiple vaginal births

• Large baby or prolonged labor

• Menopause

• Obesity

• Chronic cough or lung disease

• Long-term constipation or straining

• Family history of pelvic floor disorders

Complications

If untreated, uterine prolapse can lead to complications that affect daily activities and health.

Possible complications include:

• Ulcers or sores on exposed vaginal tissue

• Recurrent urinary tract infections

• Difficulty emptying the bladder or bowels

• Interference with sexual function

• Emotional distress or reduced quality of life

Early diagnosis allows for effective management and symptom relief.

Prevention

Not all cases of uterine prolapse can be prevented, but certain measures may help reduce risk or slow progression.

Preventive steps may include:

• Performing pelvic floor muscle exercises regularly

• Maintaining a healthy body weight

• Treating chronic cough promptly

• Preventing constipation with a high-fiber diet and adequate hydration

• Avoiding heavy lifting or using proper lifting techniques

• Seeking medical care for early pelvic discomfort or pressure

Early intervention and lifestyle changes can help preserve pelvic support and prevent worsening of symptoms.