Gastritis

Gastritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining. It can occur suddenly as acute gastritis or develop gradually as chronic gastritis. The condition may be mild or severe and can affect digestion by interfering with the stomach’s protective lining. Gastritis is common and can often be managed effectively when the underlying cause is identified and treated early.

Symptoms

Symptoms of gastritis can vary depending on the severity and duration of inflammation. Common symptoms include:

• Burning or aching pain in the upper abdomen

• Nausea or vomiting

• Feeling of fullness after eating small amounts

• Loss of appetite

• Indigestion

• Bloating

• In severe cases, vomiting blood or black stools

Some people with gastritis may have no noticeable symptoms.

Causes

Gastritis occurs when the stomach lining is weakened or damaged, allowing digestive acids to cause irritation. Common causes include:

• Infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria

• Regular use of pain relievers such as aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

• Excessive alcohol consumption

• Severe stress due to surgery, injury, or illness

• Autoimmune disorders affecting the stomach lining

• Bile reflux into the stomach

Risk Factors

Certain factors increase the risk of developing gastritis, including:

• Long-term use of pain-relieving medications

• Heavy alcohol use

• Older age

• Chronic stress

• Smoking

• Existing autoimmune or digestive disorders

Complications

If left untreated, gastritis can lead to more serious health problems. Possible complications include:

• Stomach ulcers

• Bleeding from the stomach lining

• Anemia due to chronic blood loss

• Increased risk of stomach cancer, especially with long-term Helicobacter pylori infection

Early diagnosis and treatment reduce the risk of complications.

Prevention

Not all cases of gastritis can be prevented, but certain measures may lower the risk:

• Limiting alcohol intake

• Avoiding unnecessary use of pain-relieving medications

• Eating balanced meals and avoiding irritating foods

• Managing stress effectively

• Quitting smoking

• Seeking treatment for persistent stomach discomfort

Healthy lifestyle habits and prompt medical care can help protect the stomach lining and prevent gastritis.