Aortic Aneurysm

Diagnosis of Aortic Aneurysm

Aortic aneurysms are often discovered during exams for unrelated conditions because small aneurysms may not cause symptoms. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests.

Medical history and physical exam:

• Your healthcare professional will review risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking history, family history of aneurysms, and connective tissue disorders.

• In some cases, a pulsating mass may be felt in the abdomen, especially with abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Imaging tests:

• Ultrasound: Often the first test used to detect abdominal aortic aneurysms; noninvasive and highly effective.

• Computed tomography (CT) scan: Provides detailed images to measure the size and location of the aneurysm.

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Used when more precise imaging is needed or to avoid radiation exposure.

• Echocardiogram: For thoracic aortic aneurysms, this test helps visualize the heart and upper aorta.

Early detection is critical to prevent rupture, which can be life-threatening.

Treatment of Aortic Aneurysm

Treatment depends on the size, location, and growth rate of the aneurysm, as well as the patient’s overall health.

Monitoring:

• Small aneurysms that are not causing symptoms are often monitored regularly with imaging tests.

• Lifestyle changes may include controlling blood pressure, quitting smoking, and managing cholesterol.

Medications:

• Beta-blockers or other antihypertensive drugs may be prescribed to reduce stress on the aortic wall.

Surgery:
Surgical intervention may be required for large or rapidly growing aneurysms or if there are symptoms:

• Open surgical repair: The surgeon replaces the weakened portion of the aorta with a synthetic graft.

• Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR): A less invasive approach where a stent graft is inserted through blood vessels to reinforce the aorta.

Follow-up care:

• Lifelong monitoring with imaging is essential after surgery or stent placement.

• Managing risk factors such as high blood pressure and smoking is crucial to prevent recurrence.