Bartholin’s Cyst

Diagnosis of Bartholin’s Cyst

To diagnose a Bartholin’s cyst, a healthcare professional may perform several evaluations to determine the cause and rule out other conditions. These may include:

• Taking a detailed medical history to understand any past infections or symptoms.

• Performing a pelvic examination to locate the cyst and assess its size and tenderness.

• Collecting a sample of vaginal or cervical secretions to test for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

• Recommending a biopsy if you are postmenopausal or over 40 to check for the presence of cancerous cells.

If there is any concern about cancer, you may be referred to a gynecologic oncologist who specializes in cancers of the female reproductive system.

Treatment of Bartholin’s Cyst

In many cases, a Bartholin’s cyst does not require treatment, especially if it causes no pain or discomfort. When treatment is needed, it depends on the size of the cyst, the severity of symptoms, and whether an infection is present.

Common treatment options include:

• Sitz baths: Sitting in a few inches of warm water several times a day for a few days can help small infected cysts rupture and drain naturally.

• Surgical drainage: If the cyst is large or infected, it may need to be drained surgically. The doctor makes a small incision to release the fluid and may place a small catheter inside to allow continuous drainage for up to six weeks.

• Antibiotics: If the cyst or abscess is infected, or if STI tests are positive, antibiotics may be prescribed. In some cases, if drainage is successful, antibiotics may not be required.

• Marsupialization: For recurrent or bothersome cysts, a minor procedure can be performed to create a small permanent opening to help fluid drain and prevent future cyst formation.

• Surgical removal: In rare cases where cysts persist despite other treatments, complete removal of the Bartholin’s gland may be necessary. This procedure is performed under general anesthesia and carries a higher risk of bleeding or postoperative complications.