Croup

Diagnosis

Croup is typically diagnosed by a healthcare provider through a physical examination. The provider:

• Observes the child’s breathing patterns

• Listens to the chest with a stethoscope

• Examines the throat for signs of swelling or infection

In some cases, X-rays or additional tests may be used to rule out other possible conditions that could cause similar symptoms.

Treatment

Most children with croup can be cared for at home, but in moderate or severe cases, medical attention may be necessary. Treatment depends on how severe the symptoms are.

Comfort measures

Keeping the child calm is very important, as crying can worsen airway swelling and make breathing more difficult. Helpful steps include:

• Holding and comforting your child with a soothing voice

• Reading quietly or singing lullabies

• Offering a favorite toy or blanket for reassurance

• Ensuring your child drinks enough fluids to stay hydrated

Medicines

Healthcare providers may prescribe the following medicines to relieve symptoms:

• Corticosteroid: A corticosteroid such as dexamethasone helps reduce swelling in the airway. Improvement is usually seen within a few hours. It can be given as pills or a single injection, which often has long-lasting effects.

• Epinephrine: In more severe cases, epinephrine may be administered through a nebulizer to quickly reduce airway swelling. The effects are rapid but temporary, so observation in the emergency room may be needed to determine if another dose is required before discharge.