Overview
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of influenza often begins with a review of symptoms and a physical exam. Additional tests may be recommended in certain situations.
Tests used to diagnose influenza include:
• Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) – Provide quick results by detecting viral antigens.
• PCR tests – More accurate and detect flu virus genetic material.
• Chest X-ray – Used when complications like pneumonia are suspected.
Healthcare professionals consider the season, sudden onset of symptoms, and exposure history to confirm influenza.
Treatment
Most people recover from influenza at home with rest and self-care. However, antiviral medicines may be recommended in certain cases.
Treatment options include:
• Antiviral medications – Such as oseltamivir or zanamivir; work best when started within 48 hours of symptoms.
• Fever and pain relievers – Such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
• Plenty of fluids – To prevent dehydration.
• Rest – To support the body’s immune response.
Antibiotics are not effective for viral infections like the flu.
Complications
While many recover without issues, complications can occur, especially in high-risk groups.
Possible complications include:
• Pneumonia
• Sinus infections
• Ear infections
• Worsening of chronic conditions like asthma or heart disease
• Respiratory failure (rare but serious)
High-risk groups include older adults, young children, pregnant individuals, and people with weakened immune systems.
Prevention
Preventing influenza involves reducing exposure to the virus and strengthening immunity.
Key prevention strategies include:
• Annual flu vaccination – The most effective preventive measure.
• Frequent handwashing
• Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
• Covering coughs and sneezes
• Cleaning frequently touched surfaces
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or if you are in a high-risk category.
Visit a healthcare professional if you experience:
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Persistent high fever
• Severe weakness
• Symptoms lasting longer than a week
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